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The Alamance Gleaner Vol. LXIX GRAHAM, N. C., THURSDAY, JULY 29, 1943 * No. 25 WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS FDR, Churchill Seek Italy's Surrender As Allies Smash at Sicily Resistance; MacArthur Forces Gain in New Guinea; Farmers Get First Call on Gas Stocks (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions art expressed In these eolnmns. they are those ?( Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Released by Western Newspaper Union. ___________ Seabees are shown about to board a transport somewhere in Australia far duty in a combat tone. A naval band gives the men a lively sendoff. Although performing construction work, Seabees are also trained to pro tect themselves against attack. SICILY: 'The Hour Has Come' Axis resistance on Sicily stiffened as Gen. Bernard Montgomery's Brit ish 8th army moved on the big port of Catania, which is 55 miles from the terminus of Messina, where but two miles of water separate the is land from the Italian mainland. As the battle of Sicily raged, President Roosevelt and Prime Min ister Churchill told the Italian peo ple the hour had come to honorably capitulate. While British troops clattered toward the great plains which roll around Catania, Gen. George S. Pat ton's 7th American army fought its way into the area of Vizzini, from which the British flank can be cov ered or an assault sprung toward the Axis pear. Hundreds of Allied paratroopers continued to be dropped behind the enemy's lines near Catania. To the front, the 8th army recovered from a heavy Axis blow with which they had driven into Montgomery's base at Augusta before being repelled. FUEL: Gas for Farmers Predicting a tightening of the sup ply of crude oil in the West, the' Petroleum Administration for War . , took steps to provide sufficient gaso line for farmers throughout the country by giving them first call on available stocks. According to WAP, farmers are using about 100,000 barrels of mo tor fuel daily, 90 per cent of which is being consumed outside of the . East, About 70,000 barrels are re quired in the Middlewest. Am tVio \A/ A D maflA (4s annnnnna. ??" 1I4M luauc tw OUliVUUVfc ment, the^ big-inch pipe line running from Norris, IlL, to the East was opened. Eventually the line will pump 300,000 barrels of crude daily, thus draining the West of supplies that had previously abounded be cause of a lack of transportation facilities. Meanwhile, the oil industry con tinued alarmed by the drop in oil reserves, partly caused, spokesmen said, because of a virtual cessation of exploratory drilling as a result of prices for crude. Between 50 to <0 billion barrels of new oil will have to be discovered within the next 20 years, it is said, to maintain present production. RUSSIA: Giants Locked Rain drenched the sprawling Ukrainian plains around Belgorod, hindering mechanized activity on the south end of the flaming Russian front, but Red armies attacked in force above the northern pivot of Orel, extending the battlefield to 225 miles. Both the Germans and the Rus sians were agreed on one thing: the great number at men being used on both sides. Around Orel, the Nazis admitted that the Reds had broken their lines at two points, but had been driven bade in counter-attacks. Heavy ground action at Orel was supplemented by strong Russian aerial action. Red bombers blasted the principal railway installations of the town, from which the Russian lines bend southward in a great arc, thus offering the Germans a pivot for encirclement from the rear. PACIFIC: New Guinea Victory With the fall of Mubo, the big Japanese base of Salamaua in New Guinea lay in peril of capture by Australian and American forces op erating from all sides. Mubo fell about two weeks after the start of General MacArthur's Pacific offensive. American troops had landed on Nassau bay to the east of the town, and then marched into the interior to cut off Japanese, forces from the rear and effect a junction with the Australians. At the same time, Allied soldiers at tacked the enemy's main lines, and thus, completely enveloped on all sides, Mubo was overrun. The Allied success at Mubo came as American troops pressed closer to the Japanese air base of Munda on New Georgia island. Approach ing the stronghold from the north and east, doughboys worked cau tiously through jungle foliage to gain ground. Squeezed, the enemy launched one counterattack, but withdrew fire after being stopped. CANNED GOODS: Cut Civilians' Share Already rationed, canned fruits, vegetables and soup supplies for civilians will be cut another IS per cent in the next 12 months, the War Food administration announced. Of the prospective pack of vegetables and soups, domestic consumers will get 70 per cent, and of canned fruits and juices, they will receive 53 per cent. The total supply ol canned vege tables and soups in the next year is expected to total 282,000,000 cases. Of this amount, civilians will be allotted approximately 180,000,000. The War Services will obtain prac tically all of the remainder, with about 4 per cent going to the Allies and other purposes. About 81,000,000 cases of canned fruits and juices, excluding citrus, will be produced, WFA estimated, and of this supply, civilians will be allowed approximately 31,000,000 cases. Approximately 24,000,000 cases will be allotted to the serv ices, with the remainder marked for the Allies and export. FOREIGN DEBTS: Mexico, Canada Pay An improvement in financial con ditions arising from the stimulation of the war was noted in the action of the Mexican and Canadian gov ernments in announcing plans for the discharge of their debt obliga tions. For the first time in years, Mex ico resumed payment on 15 issues of national debt, excluding all rail road bonds except the Tehuantepec National railway 5 and 4% per cents. Annual distributions on the issues will amount to only $2,060, 000, however, on a total Mexican debt of 1 billion 200 million dollars, including back interest Last December, the Mexican con gress ratified an agreement to pay 40 million dollars in settlement of all U. S. claims except for expropri ated oil property. Canada's improved financial con dition was reflected in its redemp tion and prior payment on 118 mil lion dollars of bonds. CABINET: FDR Restores Order Hereafter, if any administrative heads in Washington are in conflict over fact or policy, they must re solve their differences quietly or else turn in their resignations. That, in short, was the ultimatum Presi dent Roosevelt laid down after Hen ry Wallace had charged Jesse Jones with interfering with the operations of the Board of Economic Warfare, which Wallace headed. The President solved the Wallace Jones fracas by abolishing the BEW and establishing the Office of Eco nomic Warfare and then appointing as its director Leo T. Crowley, alien property custodian and chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance cor poration. The action relieved both Wallace and Jones of direction in the gov ernment's purchase of foreign ma terials. Previously, the two agen cies had shared in the program, with the Reconstruction Finance corporation, which Jones heads, sup plying the funds for the buying. OPA: Raps 'Bright Boys' Declaring the best thing that could happen to the Office of Price Admin istration would be a reduction of 50 per cent in its staff of 2,700 attor neys, Lou R. Maxon, deputy ad ministrator of OPA, turned in his resignation. juaxon s wunarawai came ai a time when he was being prominent ly mentioned as a general manager for the OPA, a job later given to Chester Bowles, a New York adver tising executive. He complained of -the government's failure to estab lish a definite food program, charg ing that instead of working out a set policy, the administration was meeting each crisis with a make shift compromise, thus creating the basis of another crisis. Price Ad ministrator Brown replied that OPA had a definite policy in "roll-backs" to reduce retail costs to Septem ber, 1942, levels. A Detroit, Mich., advertising ex ecutive, Maxon flailed OPA "theo rists" and "professors" for attempt ing to institute a grade labeling pro gram for goods, which would elim inate all trade marks and brands and have the effect of eliminating competitive merchandising. CATTLE: Marketing Increases Marketing of cattle increased in the face of talk in Washington that the OPA was considering establish ing ceilings on livestock to break the speculative angle of growers and spur liquidation of herds. Plans also called for modifying the govern ment's support price of $13.75 for hogs, to discourage feeding for heavy porkers. Although cattle marketings in creased over recent abnormally low levels, supplies still were well below last year's runs. Calves remained exceptionally scarce. Continued heavy shipments of hofs and aheep, however, bolstered the over-all meat production. OPA's plans for livestock ceilings have been bitterly contested by con gressional farm spokesmen, meat packers and cattle raisers. Under the present system of setting whole sale ceilings, small packers have found difficulty operating since no bar has been set on prices paid for stock. BANKING: Deposits Rise The extent to which banks are financing the war was ilhistrsted in the announcement that the invest ment in government securities by 30 of the nation's largest banks ap proximated 18 billion dollars on June 90, an increase of 7 billion dol lars from a year earlier. The announcement also revealed that the 20 institutions had total de posits of 91 billion dollars on June 90, a rise of six billion dollars over 1082. Total resources amounted to 92 billion 700 million dollars. Calve* scarce in market. Current Social Security Board Report: Visualizes Coverage of Added Millions Benefits Outlined For Farm Help, Domestics Our social security program as a nation-wide undertaking began eight years ago this August. In its seventh annual report the Social Security board points out that while great prog ress has been made toward se curity for the American people, there are serious gaps in the pro gram as it stands. While many millions of people are covered by the insurance features of the social security act, other mil lions are not. More than half a mil lion are regularly drawing monthly insurance benefits amounting in all to about 11H million dollars a month. These are benefits paid un der the old-age and survivors insur ance system which covers wage and salaried workers on business or In dustrial jobs. The benefits go to these workers and their families if the worker qualifies at age 65 or over and is no longer at work, or to the family in case of the worker's death, whatever his age. There are, however, some 20 millions of work ers who are now excluded from old age and survivors insurance. The same is true of unemploy ment insurance. Millions of people are covered by the state unemploy ment insurance laws, operated by the states but with administrative costs paid by the federal govern ment. During one year when jobs were hard to get nearly 5Vi million people who were out of work re ceived benefits for weeks at a time. Now during the war - boom when jobs are so plentiful, fewer than 120, 000 people are getting unemploy ment benefits in any one week. The number may go down even further as the war continues. But when the war is over, millions of former soldiers, sailors and war workers will be looking for jobs. Many will be entitled to unemploy ment insurance while they are look ing. There will also be many who will need the insurance payments but will not be eligible as the laws now siunu. Under the public assistance pro grams of the social security act, three million needy people are re ceiving monthly cash payments which last year amounted to more than $770,000,000. These payments go to persons who do not have enough to live on and cannot pro vide for themselves because they are old and cannot work, because they are blind, or because they are too young to work and have lost a parent's support or care. There are about two million old people and one million children on the lists. The blind number around 55,000. But many other people who laffk the bare essentials of life cannot be helped under the present public as sistance programs because they are neither over 65, nor very young, nor blind. Gaps in Insurance. Most serious, however, according to the social security board, are the gaps and shortcomings in the insur ance features. The purpose of these programs is to furnish some income for families to live on when the breadwinner cannot earn wages or salary. But wages or salary may stop for reasons other than unem ployment, old age, or death. If a person cannot work because he is sick or disabled, not only does his UKU oioy uui uc uas u,c expense of his illness. The social security board thinks we should have insurance against disability and the costs of hospital care, along with our present unemployment insur ance and old-age and survivors in surance. About 20 million workers, includ ing some of the Jowest income gro"P? to the country, are not cov ered by the old-age and survivors Insurance provisions of the social security act. Most of these do not have the protection of any social in surance system. Farm workers, do mestic servants, employees of non educational, religious and charitable organizations constitute the largest groups of wage and sal ary workers left out in the cold The self-employed, such as farmers and storekeepers, are also excluded. More than 600,000 persons already are drawing monthly payments un der old-age and survivors insurance, piousands more have earned rights to benefits and will be able to claim them whenever they stop regular work. The benefits go to insured workers and their families when the worker is 69 or older and is no long er employed, and to the families of insured workers who die either be fore or after they are 65. As the law stands today, the old age and survivors insurance system covers wage and salary workers on bustoess and industrial Jobs-that is. all kinds of jobs in factories, shops mines, mills, stores, offices, banks hotels, restaurants, laundries, tele phone and telegraph offices, and oth I er places of business or industry earned on by private firms, corpora tions, or individuals. This leaves however, a good many who are not covered, merely because of the na ture of their employment. For ex ample, the $10,000 executive em ployed by a corporation comes un der the federal insurance system; the man working for himself whose income may fall below $1,000 a year is not insured, because the present law excludes the self-employed. When a Worker It Disabled. Every time the clock ticks off a ?*f?d, five people in this country gat hnrt or get sick, to such an ex ITV? Hi!7 *re unabl? to carry on their ordinary activities for one J0"'"' M toe disability is aught, the worker may not lose much, but to a man dependent upon Jus earnings, every dollar counts. ][^e loss is especially serious if the injury lays him up for life. ** toe big majority of workers disabled off the Job have no Insur ance protection?nothing to make k yrykr the pay they Jose and the extra wpmn they li**" to meet. Congress has directed the Social Security board to make recommendations for such changes to the present regulations as wiDpro Payments to ease toe blow of these calamities. Disability insurance Is one of the missing girders in the social insur ?^Jftore we have bean build tog fa this country since 1W6. Al ready to place are two of the main suitu wwanesa niiu 1UO*. wivu jwmu through no fault of their own and cannot get other jobs within a short time; and old-age and survivors in surance which pays monthly benefits to insured workers and their fami lies when the worker is old and re tires, or to his family when he dies, whatever his age. The social security board believes the next step is insurance against disability, temporary or permanent, with pro vision to cover also the costs of hospital care. The need for such a program is pointed up by the fact that of more than 3 million disabled workers be tween 16 and 64 years of age, nearly one million have been disabled for more than a year. Around 7 mil lion people are ill on any one day in the year?many of them for pro tracted periods of months and years; many with no prospect of recovery. Six Ceats on the Dollar. No new governmental agency would be necessary to administer disability insurance, and no addi tional reports would be required of employers. The cost of the entire social insurance program, including disability protection, could probably be met through a total contribution rate of S or 6 cents on each dollar of pay roll from employers and 9 or 6 cents on each dollar of wages from employees. The total of 10 or 12 cents on the dollar (the rate would depend on the exact benefits pro vided) instead of 9 cents which will be the figure in 1949 under the pres ent law would provide insurance protection against all the most im portant economic risks faced by all workers. American families would be assured of an income when wages of the breadwinner stop be cause of unemployment, old age, illness, disability, or death and would also have insurance protec tion against the costs of hospital care. Twenty-eight nations now provide insurance protection to their work ers against temporary disability. With only one exception (Spain), the United States is the only country which provides insurance against old age without also providing against the risks of chronic or per manent disability. "When can we best afford the ad ditional cost of an expanded social insurance system?" asks Arthur 3. Altmeyer, chairman of the social se curity board. "Now, when earnings are high and all the wheels of in dustry are turning, workers and em ployers can set aside the contribu tions needed to ensure future rights to benefits," he replies. "There is no way in which increased earnings could be better invested, from the standpoint of either the family or the nation. For the family which actually meets with disaster?sick ness. unemployment, chronic dis ability, or death?insurance benefits give a far greater protection than could have been obtained if the worker's insurance contributions had been kept as his individual sav ings. In any period of recession, the money now saved would be paid at a time when it is most needed and to those who most nesd it" ? When a wirter laata Ma toeema IkMik stekaaaa ? tajary, ha fen era Ily ia enable to aa?ut Ma fun By far lenf, after ha la naenpieyed. Freqneatly ha mast aaaat heary ?Wkil eoata, aa Ma atrhn ara aaaa rrtur-*? Ua wife u< chil dren then aftan aaffer prltaHwa, Tha aarial aecartty heard ranaa ?cade Mat tha laws ha aaaindad to TE1EFACT MORE OLDSTERS AT WORK IAVUAGC AGS or MALE WOWEtSI MARCH ^ 1940 V 9 YEARS DECEMBER jf 1942 ** 40 3 YEARS loch Mdion represents 4 yeors ' JOBS FOR PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED (PLACEMENTS IV PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT OfRCES) Iltlll m URHRiii I ?liMnlMMUMn Eoch symbol r?p'?>?nu 5.000 ptocomoMs Right now more old and physically handicapped people are employed than ever before. Bnt everybody knows it's the war boom. When peace comes, these marginal workers will be dropped. Then, whether sup ported by relatives or private charities, many of these people will be hard pressed to live decently. The social security board proposes to ex tend the benefits of social insurance to millions who will fall Into the over age or crippled class in a few years. KM.. .U.nL .,.n lu.l k. k.. ik. ..... I ?1,.^ nm.lf.H . ? T V. I, I... .k.i. i.. kr - Who's News This Week By Delo* Wheeler Lovelace Consolidated Features ?WNU Release. "MEW YORK. ? Hitler himself must doubt the persuasions of Nordic kultur on noting that Poznan provides the new Polish premier to Polith Premier a dead? Sikw Native of Kultur- ski. Poznan Infeeted Poznan U the. mort western province of Poland. Germany half embraces it, and from it for a hun dred'years Germans have tried to squeeze all Polish flavor. Once the squeeze got so tight that even the Poznan school children went out on strike. Stanislaw Mikolajczyk was five then, and might have led a kinder garten sit-down, but he was all the way across Germany in Westphalia. His father, a farm laborer, was try ing his luck there. Luck was poor and when Stanislaw was ten and the first World war only three years away the family trekked back to their old home. When Stanislaw was If he stood in the thick el the waxing revolution against Poznan's weakening Prassian rulers. The Polish Republic followed and be rose to leadership et the Peasant party and to a seat in parlia ment. He is himself a true peas ant, off a 59-aere farm, stocky and thiek-nceked. His half-inch of bristling moustache is saly a minor concession to urban influ ence. When the Nazis struck he enlisted as a private, the rank he held in the war against the Reds 19 years earlier. After Warsaw he was in terned in Hungary but made his escape. In the years since, first under Paderewski, then Sikorski, his mam assignment has been to run the Po lish underground, and his name has become a household word to patri ots inside his oppressed country. His blacklist of Nazi criminals is the longest in Europe. This, also, must be of depressing interest to Hitler. ?* IT IS a long time since President Roosevelt got salt fish three times running. The housekeeper called in by the much-traveling first lady nonr Tki* Lady U the TtrjZl Bom of Domottic menus it the End of New Doal riety. Now there has been added the contusion of ration coupons, but Mrs. Henrietta Nesbit, placid, bespecta cled, middle-aged, sorts these re sourcefully and to date has not been made either red or blue by the new responsibility. The fact that her husband is White House custodian of 1 supplies may help. It is 14 years since Mrs. Nes bit signed op te see that when the master gased a rood "with the prophetic eye tt appetite," there should be victuals to stot both his scrambled eggs and trolles moods. That was h his first governorship. Mrs. MosMt. Doloth . horn, with essnoBy fluffed hair, had a catering busi ness la Hyde rark portal to this, and Mrs. Bssoovclt was sore that the anther of sneh whole wheat bread was the Nowadays, bossing a staff that jumps to 134 for a stata dinner, Mrs. Nesbit never consults her mis tress, even when her mistress is near enough to be consulted. She will even put on evening dress and drift gently among the ambassadors to make sure every tidbit is as it should be. She doesn't live in the White House and her usual shift runs from eight to six. She doesn't, however, mind working overtime In the kitchen she and Mrs. Roosevelt modernized from knife rode to range. THE Federation of Musicians lays its fight against radio music transcriptions on the doorstop of La bor Secretary Perkins but it still J. PatriOa Makm ?^*?5 Lcwti Look Lik* President Skort Ordar Cook ??>%?? has carried on one of the longest strikes since Pearl Harbor in a war occupied country whose labor lead ers have promised, "No striken." Ha has dished it out for more than 11 months. PatriOo has baau baas st the Fedorattea and Ms aaarty 14MM pTirilsnt, tea, ?dtolchtoagola eal and between Uttui nowh* te DM afi wall . *?* ? ? '?'j - .iJ
The Alamance Gleaner (Graham, N.C.)
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July 29, 1943, edition 1
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